Global economic growth experiences complex dynamics, especially amidst various uncertainties that disrupt market stability. Several factors, such as inflation, geopolitical tensions, and climate change, contribute to significant fluctuations in economic activity. Inflation is one of the main challenges. Many countries are experiencing soaring prices of goods and services, which risks undermining consumer purchasing power. This often forces central banks to raise interest rates, which in turn can hinder investment and economic growth. For example, the US Federal Reserve has repeatedly raised interest rates to curb inflation, which has impacted the attractiveness of capital markets. Geopolitical tensions, such as the war in Ukraine and shifting relations between major powers, also add to uncertainty. This conflict not only disrupts energy and food supplies, but also raises investor concerns. As a result, many investors choose to hold back investments in areas considered high risk, which could slow global growth. On the other hand, several countries with developing economies show extraordinary resilience. Countries such as India and Brazil recorded positive growth thanks to structural reforms and economic diversification. Technology and innovation are the main drivers, allowing new sectors to grow despite external challenges. Climate change also plays an important role in economic growth. Increasing awareness of sustainability has led a number of countries to design environmentally friendly policies that support green innovation. Investments in sustainable infrastructure can open up new economic opportunities and create jobs, while helping to reduce the negative impacts of climate change. The technology and digitalization sector has proven to be an important pillar in facing uncertainty. In a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies are adapting quickly through digital transformation. E-commerce, telecommunications and cloud-based services are seeing a surge in demand, creating new opportunities despite uncertain economic conditions. In addition, international cooperation is becoming increasingly important. Countries are looking for ways to collaborate on global problems, including public health and climate change. Global economic forums are a forum for facilitating dialogue and better coordination between countries, in order to achieve better economic stability. It cannot be denied that the prospects for global economic growth amidst uncertainty remain full of challenges. This uncertainty forces countries to think creatively and proactively in designing strategies that not only overcome current challenges, but also prepare for an uncertain future. Adaptation, innovation and cooperation are the keys to achieving sustainable and inclusive growth.
